英国绿色基础设施规划及对中国城乡生态网络构建的启示

以英国为代表的西欧各国在绿色基础设施理念的指导下展开了一系列的规划实践并取得多方效益。本文立足于中国城乡生态网络建设的背景,分析了英国东伦敦绿色基础设施网络和南泰恩赛德绿色基础设施网络2个规划案例,研究了其规划背景与目标愿景、发展框架与实施计划以及审计评估与规划策略等内容,总结了英国绿色基础设施规划的理念与方法,并提出了政策法案层面的制度化与体系化、实施计划层面的科学化与协同化以及规划策略层面的多元化与具体化的启示,以期对中国城乡生态网络构建提供有益借鉴。     

空中异常情况网络计划处置方法

针对处置空中异常情况中对时间要求短暂等问题,提出利用网络计划方法来进行处置.给出空中异常情况处置程序的关键指标参数,建立了各指标参数的数学模型,结合近期M国无人机抵近我东南沿海侦察实例,对模型进行了网络计划分析,得出基于网络计划的空中异常情况处置程序可有效控制处置时间从而达到作战指挥的要求的结论.     

国外武器装备体系仿真技术综述

为提高体系仿真的真实性、互操作与可重用性,对以美国为主导的国外武器装备体系仿真技术进行综述.在概述仿真需求的基础上,从仿真体系构建、仿真标准规范制定、可扩展体系仿真平台搭载及仿真数据积累 4 个方面对其进行阐述,并从仿真系统体系框架搭建、基于网络技术的仿真实现、复杂目标与环境建模仿真、高性能与可信性仿真技术和基于大数据的建模仿真技术多角度分析体系仿真技术的发展趋势.该研究可为装备体系建设全生命周期提供"更好、更快、更经济"的技术支撑.     

谈路网改建项目中老路利用段的路线纵面设计

本着尽量利用原有道路的原则,在以往纵面拟合方法的基础上,提出多点控制的纵断面设计方法,增加了老路路面边缘处的高程控制,以减少施工期间由于加铺厚度不足而造成的纵坡变更。     

上海天然气主干网长期沉降监测系统的功能及应用

介绍了上海天然气主干网长期沉降监测系统的功能及应用,主要针对实际工作中面临的管线长期沉降监测及短期专项沉降的问题,借鉴国内外先进的信息管理技术,实现从“人为管理”到“机辅人管”的跨越,实现了管理效率的提高。     

A review of methods for leakage management in pipe networks

Leakage in water distribution systems is an important issue which is affecting water companies and their customers worldwide. It is therefore no surprise that it has attracted a lot of attention by both practitioners and researchers over the past years. Most of the leakage management related methods developed so far can be broadly classified as follows: (1) leakage assessment methods which are focusing on quantifying the amount of water lost; (2) leakage detection methods which are primarily concerned with the detection of leakage hotspots and (3) leakage control models which are focused on the effective control of current and future leakage levels. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the above methods with the objective to identify the current state-of-the-art in the field and to then make recommendations for future work. The review ends with the main conclusion that despite all the advancements made in the past, there is still a lot of scope and need for further work, especially in area of real-time models for pipe networks which should enable fusion of leakage detection, assessment and control methods.     

The Power of the Inside Activist: Understanding Policy Change by Empowering the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF)

This article contributes to an understanding of policy change. Exploring a local land planning case, it investigates how an environmental advocacy coalition effectively challenged road and housing plans, with the result that an area was instead developed into a nature reserve. In the course of the article, the value and practical effectiveness of the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) is examined and developed with the help of two central concepts—the “value network” and “inside activist”. The outcome of the case is explained by the powerful influence of a value network of ornithologists, with particular inside activists of that network playing important roles in presenting a challenge to development of the area. Instead of trying to build an abstract theory of the ACF, the article argues the need to develop the ACF as a framework, opening it up to insights from policy network and social constructionist research as well as from practical processes.     

The Role of Farm Advisors in Multifunctional Landscapes: A Comparative Study of Three Danish Areas, 1995 and 2008

This study investigates the influence of farm advisors on farmers’ decisions regarding ‘Multifunctional landscape commons’, a concept covering environmental and landscape values that benefit the public but which depend on farmers’ management practices. The influence of advisors is analysed by combining data about the source of advice with evidence of land use and landscape changes and participation in subsidy schemes. The study compares three agricultural areas in Denmark. Structured interviews were carried out with all farmers possessing more than 2 ha land in 1995–6 and in 2008. Vertical, production and business-oriented advisory services predominate, together with legal and organisational spatial competence networks. A new group of hobby farmers and pensioned farmers tend not to be included in traditional advisory networks, leaving them to carry out landscape changes and multifunctional landscape commons without professional guidance and consultancy. This means the horizontal coordination among farmers, that is, the territorial competences, decrease.     

Social capital and profits of small firms in the French construction industry

The profitability of small businesses in the French construction industry depends partly on their social capital. However, social capital yields advantages as well as constraints. How and under what conditions do social networks improve a company's profit margins? From a socio‐technical perspective and strategic analysis, we defend the idea that return on social capital is conditioned by the nature of the tasks performed and by the interdependencies among firms. Comparing about 160 businesses from four various crafts, we show that loose networks profit relatively specialized businesses working independently on construction sites, while cohesive networks benefit those businesses that are most affected by socio‐technical uncertainties.     

裂隙网络模型在地下水数值模拟中的应用研究进展

地下水在裂隙介质中的渗流和运移过程与在多孔介质中的过程存在机理上的差别,这与裂隙系统的尺度效应和非均质性有关,这也给数值模拟带来困难。采用裂隙网络模型可以对发生在不同尺度上的渗流和运移过程进行模拟,从而有效地解决以上存在的问题。构建裂隙网络模型的方法主要有体视学方法和随机模拟方法。按照假设条件和概念框架的不同,裂隙网络模型主要可分为连续体模型、离散裂隙模型和混合模型,在应用过程中可根据研究区的实际情况选择合适的模型。本文在对已有成果进行综合论述的基础上,指出其中存在的不足和需要改进之处,从而为以后的进一步研究指明方向。